System Theory And System Model - 942 Words

Systems Theory in Nursing Ashkan Bastani Walden University NURS – 6053N-12: Interprofessional Organizational and Systems Leadership 01, 30, 2015 System Theory in Nursing System theory and system models provide extensive holistic and system-based approach to nursing that consists of an element of flexibility and interdisciplinary study of the system Nursing-theory.org., 2015). The theory’s primary concern is on patient’s response to potential or actual environmental pressures.Also, how by performing primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing prevention interventions, able to retain, and maintain our nurses towards patient system wellness goals.The purpose of this paper is to review and argue leadership practice through nursing system theory, and its relationship with nursing retention, features of the job environment, at hemodialysis facilities and strategies to retain nurses. Retention of Nurses through Nursing System Theory According to a system theory, whatever is placed into a system, from the environment is called input, and the result or byproduct that is obtained is known as output. In this system, the changes that happen through the system that modifies input is known as throughput (Hayajneh, 2014). Each and every nursing system is a unique factor and its characteristics in a range of responses enclosed in a basic structure. There also exists many known, unknown to common stressors with potential of upsetting the patients as well as nursesShow MoreRelatedThe Neuman Systems Model Theory1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Neuman Systems Model Nursing theories serve as thinking guides for nurses to follow in order to reach optimal outcomes for patients. Theories are applied in conjunction with experience one has gained and critical thinking in everyday nursing practice, research, and education. The Neuman Systems Model, which was created by Betty Neuman, is one example of a theory that has been in practice for decades and continues to be modified to reflect new research. When applying the NSM, the nurse focusesRead MoreUsing A Systems Theory Model1023 Words   |  5 PagesOpen Systems A system interdependent on groups of people or items working together to complete a specific goal is known as an open system (Cordan, 2013). Healthcare organizations are usually designed around systems that interact with outside environments, indicating that they are open systems (Cordan, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to use a systems theory model to examine a workflow problem within an open system unit, in one organization, and design a solution to the workflow issue. SystemsRead MoreThe Neuman Systems Model Theory1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Neuman Systems Model Nursing theories serve as thinking guides for nurses to follow in order to reach optimal outcomes for patients. Theories are applied in conjunction with experience one has gained and critical thinking in everyday nursing practice, research, and education. The Neuman Systems Model, which was created by Betty Neuman, is one example of a theory that has been in practice for decades and continues to be modified to reflect new research. When applying the NSM, the nurse focusesRead MoreFamily Systems, Structural, And Strategic Model Theory Application1336 Words   |  6 PagesBowen Family Systems, Structural, Strategic Model Theory Application Michelle Redaja Grand Canyon University-UNV-500 September 28, 2016 According to Ana s case the best approach between the Bowen Family Systems, Structural, or Strategic Model Theory would best have an advantage for Ana is the Structural theory. The Structural theory main focus is to engage in psychotherapy to help individuals feel differently be able to change their thinking and behavior. This treatment canRead MoreBronfenbrenner s Ecological Model And Dynamic System Theory1087 Words   |  5 PagesBronfenbrenner’s ecological model and Dynamic System Theory share many differences but both explain how environmental factors may affect human processing and functioning at different levels. Each take into account how the environment can positively or negatively affect a person’s life and their perception of life, when dealing with a stable and traumatic experience. They both consist of subsystems or levels that gives social workers possible explanations to how a person can deal and perceive well-beingRead MoreSystems Theory, The Medical Home Model, And The Nurse Leader1369 Words   |  6 Pages Systems Theory, the Medical Home Model, and the Nurse Leader Jamie L. Krueger The University of South Dakota Health care systems strive to be the best at what they do, when they do it. Unfortunately, some systems tend to have more emphasis on some disciplines and none on others. When this happens, the patients can potentially undergo unsatisfactory care. By implementing systems theory and the patient-centered home model into health care organizations, patients will have lessRead MoreComparing Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring and the Neuman Systems Model4029 Words   |  17 Pages Comparing Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring And The Neuman Systems Model Jayanna Volm Concordia University Comparing Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring And The Neuman Systems Model Nursing frameworks and conceptual models are imperative as a foundation for nursing practice. These frameworks provide recognition, understanding, and the ability to manage phenomena in which nursing comes into contact. These frameworks also provide the nurse with a systematic approach to interventions andRead MoreImportance Of Nursing Theory For Nursing Practice1383 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Nursing Theory Alvin McDonald Chamberlain College of Nursing NR501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice September, 2016 The Importance of Nursing Theory Nursing theory is the skeleton on which the profession and practice of nursing rests. It is a construct of concepts specific to nursing that shapes and guides nursing practice. Nursing theory can guide nursing practice by giving a particular focus to nursing practice (Algase, 2015). Nursing theory provides the foundationRead MoreThe Theory Of Goal Attainment1481 Words   |  6 PagesImogene King introduced her mid-range Theory of Goal Attainment (this theory has also been referred to as the theory of goal achievement (Johnson and Webber, 2010)). This theory is based on the grand theory called the Conceptual System, also created by King (Frey et al: 2002). To understand the more focused mid-range theory it is important to first quickly understand the conceptual system. The conceptual system was created using systems analysis and systems theory literature (Johnson and Webber, 2010)Read MoreTheory / Author Name And Background1361 Words   |  6 PagesTheory/author name and background Theories are used in nursing practice for various reasons to describe, explain, predict and prescribe. Grand theories (or conceptual models), provide a framework model for clinical practice, education, administration, methodology, and discipline inquiry, however, they cannot be applied directly to practice. As an alternative, middle-range theories are the ones that are applied directly into nursing practice and they must be consistent with the adopted conceptual

Essay on Abigail Williams in The Crucible by Arthur Miller

Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, is about the persecution of people falsely accused of being witches or believing in witches in Salem. Many people die in the village after a series of lies and unjust practices. Abigail Williams, after having had an affair with Proctor, begins this cycle of lies to make her feel more important in Salem. Her character includes both superiority and resentment throughout the play so far and the way she does it shows that she is rebelling against the compressed society. In the Salem society, the role of the child is to be quiet, and stay out of the way. When Abigail is being considered a witch in the first moments of the story, Rev. Parris is very worried about how this will affect his image, and not of†¦show more content†¦However it is very unlikely that Parris will believe in Abigail because he himself does not believe in witch-craft, ‘Go directly home and speak nothing of unnatural causes.’ This shows us that Abigail is rebelling against the Salem compressed Society. However on the other hand we do feel sorry for Abigail when her brief affair with John Proctor, she cannot accept the fact that the relationship has ended. She says, I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! You loved me John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! This desperation causes her to resent Proctor. Proctor also has treated Abigail. That is why she feels that she is worthless. Abigail also thinks of herself as superior to the natives of Barbados when she is being blamed for witch-craft by other people in Salem, Abigail turns on Tituba when she does not know what to do, which gives a sense of fear and anxiety because she does not want to be blamed for witch-craft. ‘She made me do it! She made betty do it!’ This shows us that Abigail likes blaming other people whenever she does not want to be in a position of being blamed. This is why it sounds as if she is rebelling against the society because people in society are treating her dreadfully. However we do feel resentment towards her because Abigail wants Proctor’s wife, Elizabeth, dead. AbigailShow MoreRelatedAbigail Williams in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse the ways in which Miller presents the character of Abigail Williams? During this essay I will introduce the main points involved in answering the proposed question. I will explore the certain aspects of Abigail’s personality and how it is an important role in portraying her reasons for her actions. I will also analyse the ways in which Abigail’s personality changes through the progression of the play. I will sum up which points have a bigger effect on her intentions and motivations andRead MoreAnalysis Of Abigail Williams In The Crucible By Arthur Miller886 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Miller’s timeless play, The Crucible, is based off the Salem witch trials that took place in the 1600’s. In The Crucible many characters are introduced to the readers as well as their relationships and interactions with other characters. Miller allows you, as a reader, to feel the emotions each character is feeling, and mostly the chemistry between them. Two characters in the play that had an extreme change of heart toward each other were Abigail Williams and John Proctor. In the beginningRead MoreAbigail Williams, the Villian of The Crucible by Arthur Miller667 Words   |  3 Pagescreate equilibrium in the plot. However, in The Crucible, Arthur Miller did not need to create any such characters. In writing a play based on a historical period of time and the actual Salem Witch Trials, he had no trouble depicting the lowly characters, for they existed. The most wicked one of all, the ringleader and cause of all the deaths, happens to be a teenage girl.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the inhabitants of Salem first begin questioning her, Abigail Williams tells them that Tituba was influencing her intoRead MoreAbigail Williams in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay613 Words   |  3 PagesIn Arthur Millers play The Crucible Abigail Williams, an unmarried orphan in the Massachusetts town of Salem, incessantly grows more jealous, her desire for vengeance only grows stronger, and her selfishness escalates. She repeatedly lies to save herself by denying her involvement in witchcraft. Abigails Jealousy of Elizabeth Proctor intensifies in attempt to realize her desire for Elizabeths husband John Proctor. In order to save herself she accuses the innocent, without any sense of ethicalRead MoreThe Presentation of Abigail Williams in Act I of the Crucible by Arthur Miller1630 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Miller present the character Abigail in Act I? We are first introduced to the ‘strikingly beautiful’ Abigail Williams in Act I of one of Arthur Miller’s most acclaimed works The Crucible. She is a dominant figure in the play who is both malicious and manipulative. She is astute and knows how to use power to her own advantage by all means possible. She is a marvellous antagonist with vengeful desires and vehicle for the mass hysteria which becomes a key theme later in the play. Abigail’sRead MoreAbigail Williams in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay3744 Words   |  15 Pages Abigail Williams is the troubled niece of Reverend Parris of Salem. She is an orphan; made so by brutal natives who killed her parents before her very eyes. The witch-hunt begins when Abigail is at the age of seventeen. She has a large role in this novel, especially on these dark events and also her relationship with John Proctor. In my opinion from what I have understood from the text she is a tempestuous character. She is initially perceived as being wild bright and proud. Her characterRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesbad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, Abigail Williams, and Reverend Parris. When put in a tight situation dealing with lifeRead MoreThe Vengeful Heart That Ignites The Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1670 Words   |  7 Pages However, as in all human beings, these women had temptations and sinful natures. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller illustrates the relationship between Abigail Williams and John Proctor to portray the themes of pride and lust, and the part they played during the Sa lem Witch Trials. John Proctor struggles against his lethal attraction to Abigail, fighting with his own moral qualities. When Proctor and Abigail are alone in Betty’s room in Act 1, he reveals that he is still attracted to her rebelliousRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words   |  6 Pagesor wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frank, but somewhat arrogant man. He has an affair with Abigail Williams, a 17-year-old girl who desires to have John and wants him so desperately. AsRead MoreHysteria And Lies In The Crucible Analysis946 Words   |  4 PagesEvangeline Run Mr. Young English 11CP 22 October 2017 Hysteria and Lies and Deceit The Crucible â€Å"Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak.†-Jose N. Harris. Arthur Miller the author of the play called The Crucible sets in the town of Salem, Massachusetts which was populated by the Puritans who hanged twenty innocent people in 1692. Miller wants to make the point that the theme of Lies and Deceits makes people lie to benefit themselves

Unit 1 Free Essays

Running Header: UNIT 1: WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Unit 1: Written Assignment LS308: Law and Society Kynyatta Weaver Professor: Joseph Marchionda Kaplan University I definitely agree that the major changes in society often bring about changes in the law. The reason that I agree with this is because when society first begin before anyone ever stole anything there was no need for the law, before the first murder there was no need for the law of murders. Now in this society and day and age because of some many crimes involving children they have imposed a new law, a curfew and violators will face the consequences as well as their parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would like to use the civil rights movement as one example of where changes in society brought about a change in the law. The changes were that the people wanted equality and they began looking for a change and the society begin to rebel against the norm in order to obtain equality and the laws were eventually changed in order to allow equal rights, and allowed for segregation in schools, and for people to be able to sit where ever they want to on the bus, etc. 42 U. S. C.  § 2000a. Public establishments include places of public accommodation (e. g. hotels, motels, and trailer parks), restaurants, gas stations, bars, taverns, and places of entertainment in general. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsequent legislation also declared a strong legislative policy against discrimination in public schools and colleges which aided in desegregation. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination in federally funded programs. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits employ ment discrimination where the employer is engaged in interstate commerce. Congress has passed numerous other laws dealing with employment discrimination. See Employment Discrimination. (http://www. aw. cornell. edu/wex/civil_rights) The second thing that I think of involving changes in society that cause changes in the law is drugs in society. When drugs weren’t thought of as an epidemic there were laws but not the laws that we have now, kingpin law, etc. The laws are specifically designed for drug dealers and depending on the amount of drugs determine the sentence and length of time a person will be sentenced to jail. 1984, 1986 Drug Analogue (1984) and Anti-Drug Abuse (1986) Acts– The Drug Analogue act was enacted to deal with â€Å"designer† drugs, allowing immediate classification of a substance as a controlled substance. Previous to this, people were avoiding prosecution with chemically altered versions of controlled substances with similar drug effects because they didn’t appear on the Schedules. The Anti-drug abuse act focused on penalties for trafficking. 1988 Omnibus Drug Act (a. k. a. , â€Å"Chemical diversion and trafficking act†)– added registration requirements on airplanes and boats, dealt with arms sales, money laundering, and added death penalty for murder connected with drug-related felony. Toughened penalties for users and allowed for confiscation of vehicles used in distribution. 996 The Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act restricts access to chemicals and equipment used in the manufacture of methamphetamine and increases penalties for possession of these plus the manufacture and/or sale of the drug. The Combat Meth Act of 2005 amended the Controlled Substances Act to make pseudophedrine (the active ingredient in Sudafed and a necessary ingredient for home me th production) a Schedule V drug to limit amounts that can be purchased and requiring I. D. This amendment has been credited with a significant drop in home meth production. However, distribution has shifted to cheaper sources from, predominantly, Mexico. (http://facultypages. morris. umn. edu/~ratliffj/psy1081/drug_laws. htm) Works Cited (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. law. cornell. edu/wex/civil_rights http://facultypages. morris. umn. edu/~ratliffj/psy1081/drug_laws. htm. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://facultypages. morris. umn. edu/~ratliffj/psy1081/drug_laws. htm http://www. law. cornell. edu/wex/civil_rights. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. law. cornell. edu/wex/civil_rights: http://www. law. cornell. edu/wex/civil_rights How to cite Unit 1, Essay examples

Discourse Control and Surveillance Analysis of HSBC

Question: Discuss about the Discourse Control and Surveillance Analysis of HSBC. Answer: Introduction Financial and banking sector control has proved to be critical because of the dynamic growth thus compelling the bank managers to use different controlling methods. Given the distinct tasks experienced in banks, the managers have the responsibility to avoid using the standard control mechanisms that have disregarded the aspects of cash flow, capital investment and credit. Without doubts, banks value these processes. The management of banks are based on the interested fields including the services and internal operations. The managers can achieve this integration by linking information service functions, plan-fact analysis, and planning. Given the significance of the manager, this paper answers the questions regarding the managerial responsibilities of the HSBCs manager. Discourse Analysis of HSBC The social control is inevitable in the modern globalization era because it is the only way stakeholders can overcome the challenges of crime and immigration. It is this important to discuss about control thus connect the reflection on control and modern society (Lianos, 2003). As part of the discourse analysis, the institutional control becomes evident. According to Lianos (2003), an institution is indicate any source of mediating activity between human beings (p. 413). To this effect, the organizations such as HSBC must regulate the behaviours of its employees without compromising the cultural negotiation. The HSBC bank is a source of institutional normativity and sociality thus makes it critical for it understands the combined effects on employees. Social control as used under the discourse analysis depends on the historical and socioeconomic conjectures in maintaining continuity. However, understanding homogenise social behaviour has proved difficult as expressed in Foucauldian suspicion. Lianos (2003) maintains that control is a conception found on arbitrary restrictive effects. The mistrust in the society among the people helps in defining the discourse. In fact, discourse focuses on routine to the erosion of liberties and the capture of society by dark and totalitarian forces (Lianos, 2003, p. 414). It is thus important to understand the significance of social control relating to the HSBC banks. Such an institution has a planned and conscious management of the human activities. For example, the managers of the institution can control the break times of workers by generating the control from the institutional activities. Unlike in the social communities, institutional control is never spontaneous because it depends on the planned managerial activities that correspond to the organizational contemporary society or environment (Lianos, 2003). As a financial institution, it is important for management to use social control mechanisms such the use of CCTV cameras for surveillance. How bank managers regulate the break time Under the working time regulation relations policy, the working time ensures an individual conducts his or her work at the disposal of the employer. The provisions of overtime and the hour of work are important to every employee. The managers of the bank must understand the working hours of the employees. Without a doubt, the employees of banks enjoy different working hours compared to other government employees. According to Vijayhavan and Ghosh (2010), HSBC provides flexible working hours for its employees. The managers of the bank have given the employees an opportunity to decide when and how to pace at their working environment. In fact, this applies to the companys 600-odd employees (Vijayhavan Ghosh, 2010). They have the opportunity to decide when to report and leave the premises. However, the managers are against employees who compromise their productivity. Nevertheless, the Flexible Work Arrangement is favorable to many bank employees. The HSBC bank managers are spearheading this revolution to ensure the workers remain happy. The move is to ensure the company becomes the much-sought-after employer. With the increasing employee population, bringing balance in work/life and allowing workers to take control of their working style. The HSBC bank manager has segmented the employees into mature employees, singles, and working couples. This segmentation has ensured it motivates and challenges their productivity based on their needs. With the FWA, many employees of the bank have signed for it. For this reason, about 6,500 workers are working under flexible arrangements (Vijayhavan Ghosh, 2010). Therefore, the manager must be responsive to the changing demographics. The managers may also offer staggered working hours. This ensures the employees report early and leave early or vice-versa. This arrangement allows workers to have the best working breaks as they work under team leadership. The flexi hours option has benefited employees beyond the reproach. Talent attrition and the FWA provisions have promoted productivity of workers. HSBC (2014) identifies that the standard working hours of bank workers are 35 hours per week. Every day, the employee should work for 7 hours. This working hours exclude the unpaid breaks like lunch breaks. The managers understand the working hours and related unpaid lunch breaks (HSBC, 2014). However, this depends on the type of contract that specifies all schedules of an employee. How the manager handles sick employees The health and safety of any employee is critical to every manager and the company. In most cases, employers value productivity and performance of their workforce. This productivity depends on the health of employees. Therefore, managers have always responded to any eventualities that affect the employees performance. For instance, the manager must understand the provisions regarding an employees health and safety situation. According to Employee Handbook, HSBC (2014) has identified the significance of offering sick workers a time-off for medical check-ups. The manager has the duty to grant an employee a paid time off so that the worker can attend to all the medical appointments. The medical appointments can only be payable if arranged within the working hours. However, the application of this provision depends on the local procedures and policies. For example, the bank staff can seek for an appointment with an optician or the dentist. The managers should advise the employees to make the appointments during early or late working hours. This allows the manager to request the affected employee to work extra hours to recover the lost time. The provision relating absenteeism is clear. It allows the entity manager to receive any communication from the affected workers (HSBC, 2014). For instance, the company has provided procedures that an employee should follow in case of absenteeism due to injury or sickness. For instance, the worker needs to telephone the entity manager to explain the situation. Whenever the situation becomes worse and the employee needs to be out of work for more than seven working days, the bank recommends that the staffs fill a self-certification form (HSBC, 2014). Any absenteeism that exceeds seven working days, the affected individual must provide the medical statement to the manager. Thereafter, the manager should access the employees current prognosis. If the situation persists, the manager should recommend the companys medical adviser who will give consent to the employee to receive further prognosis (HSBC, 2014). These are important provisions, which any manager handling an employee must consi der. How managers deal with employees who fail to achieve their targets The managers have the responsibility to support the employees to meet their goals. Any employee would also wish their efforts payback as expected by the corporations. To this effect, they need to set the right targets that connect to the managers goals (Gallo, 2011). However, anyone who fails to meet the set targets must prepare for adverse consequences. The manager must balance their involvement with the ownership. Gallo (2011) provides that the manager should offer supportive autonomy that is relevant to the individuals capability. It is important that the manager to offer the best room so that the affected individual can succeed. This can involves connecting the goals of workers with the corporate goals (Gallo, 2011). In most cases, goals should be effective and meaningful in motivating workers. This is possible if these goals are tied to the firms ambitions. Employees who can never understand their roles would remain disengaged. The HSCB managers must ensure the goals are challenging and attainable. Indisputably, the employees must reach their goals by setting a strong voice. According to Gallo (2011), the manager should ask the workers to contribute to the firms mission. The manager must try to share the ideas with the employees to ensure that the goals and realistic and achievable. Indeed, the workers should create a plan that can succeed. To avoid the failures, the manager should help the employees to understand the goals. The manager should also help the employees solve their problems. The manager should stay ahead of the employees to avoid troubles. Importantly, the employees and managers should recognize the significance of achieving the goals in partnership (Gallo, 2011). Whenever things go wrong, the manager must help the employee to understand the road bumps. Nevertheless, building relationships with workers will help them feel comfortable, especially whenever any problem arises (Gallo, 2011). The e mployee who encounters obstacle must be supported. This will help in in achieving potential solutions. The manager needs to advice and coach his worker to enhance the solution. Nonetheless, people must always be held accountable for failing to meet their goals. However, the manager must be sure of the areas that require redress. This should involve engaging the employees to identify the areas of concern (Gallo, 2011). Through the negotiation, the managers should try to find lasting solutions by encouraging the workers to retry new strategies to meet the targeted goals. This can be realised by diagnosing and learning about new ideas. This is because; the manager could be part of the issue and by involving them would help them reflecting on their failures and success. The HSBC bank managers have further advised their workers to improve the satisfaction of customers to earn bonuses (Boyce, 2013). By focusing on the customer services, the company manager must address the needs and areas of concern to avoid poor service delivery. Recruitment Criteria The banking sector is experiencing fierce competition. To this effect, many banking institutions have opted to search for the top talents to meet their goals and regain competitive edge in the market. To acquire the best workforce in the market, the bank has opted for aptitude tests and the mock tests online. In the aptitude test, the company can determine the candidates technical aptitude, verbal reasoning, analytical reasoning, and English proficiency (Kevin Tammy, 2011). The technical aptitude exposes the candidates to the data structures and algorithm analysis as the primary subjects. Therefore, the candidate is subjected to rigorous interviews and tests so that the hired individual proves his or her relevance in the field. Monitoring the Conduct of Workers at Work The employer has the responsibility to watch and listen to the employees always. Recently, the employee privacy has raised ethical issues in the HR management. With the technologies emerging, the human resource managers of banks and other organizations are using computer terminals, telephones, and voice mails to monitor workers (Kevin Tammy, 2011). The presence of the electronic monitoring systems has fueled debates. The managers have thus used different employee monitoring systems such as computer monitoring. This involves the use of employee keystrokes accuracy and speeds, video surveillance. These strategies have ensured the managers detect employee horseplay, theft, and safety (Schmitz, 2005). The spying aspects involve the use of detective techniques, especially when there is a suspicious behavior. Managers also use phone tapping and eavesdropping to track the frequency of phone calls, outgoing and incoming calls thus track their locations. Employee privacy is becoming a controversial issue that no manager can underestimate. With the available technologies, the bank managers, especially the HR managers like computer terminals, monitor telephones, and voice mail to protect organizational data (McHardy, Giesbrecht, Brady, 2005). Indisputably, employers have the duty to monitor the actions and behaviors of workers through different strategies. Importantly, Citizen Advice (2017) recognizes the use of CCTV cameras, opening e-mail, checking websites logs, and the use of automated software. According to Claburn (2016), checking or recording the phone calls and logs, the managers can track the activities of the employees. The bank requires the credit reference information. To this effect, it has to acquire such information from the relevant agency. The mentioned monitoring strategies are within the data protection laws (Johnston, 2016). In most cases, the data protection laws have failed to prevent the workplace monitoring activities. This law, however, has established the rules relating to the circumstances and the manager should monitor the situation (McHardy et al., 2005). However, the manager needs to decide on the introduction of monitoring. It should involve identifying negative impact of the monitoring to the workforce. Through the impact assessment, it is possible to determine the realities regarding the monitoring aspects. The managers can be pushed to take reasonable efforts to inform the employees about the monitoring. For the employers, they need to justify the monitoring process so that the employees can consent to the idea as explained by MacDonald and Rudner (2014). The monitoring electronic communications have become a common practice in many institutions. Various employers have legally monitored the employees through their phones, fax, internet, and email (Claburn, 2016). However, the monitoring remains important and relevant if it relates with the business activities. The employer must stick to the spiteful reasons or rules in monitoring the electronic communications. According to MacDonald and Rudner (2014), secret monitoring is also an option for the bank managers. This involves installing the secret monitoring systems without informing the workforce. For instance, in many companies, the hidden audio devices and cameras have helped managers to monitor the conducts of workers. In most cases, this is a rare legal affair. Based on the data protection law, the secret monitoring is a violation of workers privacy rights. Nevertheless, the companies, such as HSBC bank, have established the code of conduct that has enhanced workplace monitoring (HSBC, 2014). In fact, the code of conduct forms the basis of an employment contract. When an employer opts to monitor the behavior of an employee, this could be part of the disciplinary actions. For instance, workers who use workplace equipment, the managers can use the employers policy to monitor the activities (Johnston, 2016). Since the employees may not accept these monitoring aspects, they have alternatives to challenge them. This could involve talking to them so that the managers can persuade them to accept the monitoring process. The employee should be conversant with the employment contract and HSBC handbook to understand the workplace monitoring policy (HSBC, 2014). Whenever the staff feels aggrieved by such actions, the employee can contact the relevant commission to assess whether they are meeting their obligations as defined under the data protection law. Schmitz (2005) believes that the information commission can enforce and supervise the this data protection statute and advise both parties appropriately. In fact, if the commission finds the employer guilty of eavesdropping, the commission can make relevant recommendations that are enforceable (Citizen Advice, 2017). However, the commission has no power to penalize the employer. McHardy et al. (2005) held that the data protection law provides proper mechanisms regarding the right to privacy. In the workplace, the employees rights are limited because of the collective agreement and related statutory provisions. The courts have offered various interpretations regarding the privacy rights are based on the surveillance. Nonetheless, the privacy defines the value of the society. The federal priva cy laws have changed recently to guarantee the rights to the employees. MacDonald and Rudner (2014) have determined the significance of the Personal Information Protection and Electric Documents Act (PIPEDA) (par. 2) as relates to the collection of employees private information. This provision ensures the employers and employees reach an amicable agreement to avoid conflicts. The rights to privacy compel the employer such as the HSBC bank to obtain the employees consent to disclose or collect their personal information. Therefore, the employer has the responsibility to advise the workers on the type of data required. Indeed, the worker should be informed about a continuous surveillance processes and purposes such as safety or disciplinary (Rudner MacDonald, 2014). Reflection Institutional control is an important aspect of achieving organizational success. However, some aspects of these controls can constrain organizational success because they can establish pre-existing conditions. Investors would only choose banks where their savings would safer than those that offer opaque management practices. With proper security surveillance, organizations guarantee investors security and certainty in their investment. It is important to protect the users from dangerous intruders by creating a social environment with social stratification. Through this module, I have managed to understand the social control and how the new technology or surveillance extends the senses and has low visibility or is invisible (Lianos, 2003, p. 417). Therefore, the technological systems have improved the management and control of institutions. However, with the new technology, the risk of data manipulation become inevitable and the managers must provide security systems that protect the sensitive data from intruders. Therefore, this module has made me understand the new theoretical paradigm that focuses on the significance of sociotechnical systems, the unintended control, and an embedded control to the institutional actions, outlets, and systems. Conclusion Employees are important assets of any organization, and the employers try to maintain the performance and productivity of their workers. The management has the responsibility to oversee the responsibilities of workers. This ensures that they conduct proper roles as defined within the job descriptions or contract. This paper provides relevant information on how the manager can handle different activities relating to the working environment, especially the HSBC bank. References Boyce, L. (2013, Fen 20). HSBC tell Branch Staff to Improve Customer Satisfaction if They Want Bonuses as Bank Scraps Sales Incentives. This is Money. Retrieved 17 April 2017 from https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/saving/article-2281734/HSBC-scraps-staff-bonuses-linked-sales-targets.html Gallo, A. (2011, Fen 07). Marking Sure Your Employees Succeed. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 16 April 2017 from https://hbr.org/2011/02/making-sure-your-employees-suc HSBC. (2014, Feb 5). Employee Handbook (HBEU). Retrieved 18 April 2017 from https://www.hsbc.co.uk/1/PA_esf-ca-app-content/content/pws/content/personal/pdfs/employee-handbook-hsbc.pdf Kevin, P. P., Tammy, Y. A. (2011). Computer Monitoring: The Hidden War of Control. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(1), 49-58. Retrieved 16 April 2017 from https://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/IJMIS/article/view/1595 Schmitz, P.W. (2005). Workplace Surveillance, Privacy Protection, and Efficiency Wages. Labour Economics, 12(6), 727738. Vijayghavan, K. Ghosh, L. (2010, Jun 28). HSBC offers Flexible Working Hours to Staff. The Economic Times. Retrieved 17 April 2017 from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/hsbc-offers-flexible-working-hours-to-staff/articleshow/6099814.cms McHardy, C., Giesbrecht, T., Brady, P. (2005, Mar 11). Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance. Retrieved 17 April 2017 from https://www.mccarthy.ca/pubs/Monitoring_and_Surveillance.pdf Citizen Advice. (2017). Monitoring at Work. Retrieved 18 April 2017 from https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/work/rights-at-work/basic-rights-and-contracts/monitoring-at-work/ MacDonald, N. Rudner, S. (2014). Privacy Law: The Law, Surveillance and Employee Privacy. Retrieved 17 April 2017 from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/career-advice/experts/what-privacy-rights-to-do-you-have-at-work/article19079506/ Claburn, T. (2016, Mar 21). Employee Surveillance: Business Efficiency Vs. Worker Privacy. HealthCare. Retrieved 16 April 2017 from https://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/security-and-privacy/employee-surveillance-business-efficiency-vs-worker-privacy/d/d-id/1324763 Johnston, K. (2016, Feb 19). Firms Step Up Employee Monitoring at Work. Business. Retrieved 16 April 2017 from https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/02/18/firms-step-monitoring-employee-activities-work/2l5hoCjsEZWA0bp10BzPrN/story.html Lianos, M. (2003). Social Control after Foucault. Surveillance Society, 1(3), 412-430. Retrieved 26 April 2017, from https://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles1(3)/AfterFoucault.pdf cruitment Criteria

How To Write An Essay Essays - International Baccalaureate, Essay

How To Write An Essay 1 Approaching the Essay As a student you will almost certainly have to produce essays during your course. Some will be written during term time and contribute to course work assessment, others will be answers to questions set in formal examinations. An essay is usually defined as a continuous piece of writing ranging in length from at least 500 words to about 5,000 words for a special or extended essay. But this booklet is not just about 'writing' essays, it's about the various stages you need to consider when producing an essay and about the ways in which producing an essay helps you to learn. The time given to each of these stages will of course vary according to the conditions surrounding any particular essay. Let's look at the first stage -which is approaching the essay. Why write essays? If we understand the value of doing something, it usually helps to make us feel more positive and confident about the task. So what is the value of writing an essay? Here are some ideas - you might think of more. It forces you to organize your own thinking and develop your own point of view on issues. In one sense, writing is the crucial step which helps you get to grips with new ideas and new experiences. Without that step, it's very difficult or impossible to know how much you've really understood. Expressing yourself - ideas, new information, or whatever, in written form, really is a life skill -which you will need in almost every area of work. Essay writing gives you practice and develops that skill. If it's a term time essay, you can see it as giving you practice for writing under exam conditions. And don't forget that the essay provides very useful revision material. Lastly, it gives you a chance to get feedback from your tutor about their assessment of how much you've understood and how well you are able to communicate this. With your tutor's help, you can identify areas of strength and weakness so you know where to concentrate your energies next time. So, approach your essay positively. It can be a very valuable learning opportunity. Course conventions? Of course, you must also check out any particular requirements your course or department might have for that particular essay. How long should it be? Should it be presented in a particular way -typed, for example? If you know the answers to these questions, it will help you to feel more confident about the task. Written versus spoken One last point in this preliminary stage is to remember that there is a difference between written and spoken communication. You must select your words more carefully and make your meaning absolutely clear. Remember you won't be beside your reader to explain any difficult or obscure points. It's more important too, to have a sequence of logical steps so that your reader can follow your train of thought. Any emphasis has to be conveyed through vocabulary, sentence rhythm or punctuation. And because your reader can go at his own pace, even go back, if necessary, writing can be much more concentrated than speech. All this has been about the general framework in which you approach your essay. Now we'll go to the next stage which is to examine the task. 2 What is the Question? Understanding the question You need to examine the precise wording of the question, in order to decide exactly what you are being asked to do. You will also need to consider the assumptions behind the question and the implications that arise from the question's statement or assumptions. Does the topic require general treatment or specific reference to certain aspects? Are your own experiences and opinions worth expressing - or should you refer only to the knowledge of others? Key words It is often useful at this stage to underline what you think are the key words in the way in which the question is worded. Look for the vital words or phrases which will determine the style and structure of the answer you will write. A list of the key directive words frequently found in essay titles is given below and this might help you understand what is being asked of you in an assignment. Some terms frequently used in essay questions: Compare Look for similarities and differences between; perhaps reach a conclusion

4 Fast-Growing Temp Jobs to Focus on Now

4 Fast-Growing Temp Jobs to Focus on Now If you’re like most people, salary may be the first thing that comes to mind when evaluating what makes a â€Å"good job.† However, according to recent research, more and more workers - both young and old alike - are now prioritizing a different factor when assessing a job’s potential: job security. In fact, 56 percent of younger workers and 59 percent of older workers preferred security to salary when asked to choose between two jobs. For most people, the concept of a temp job and the concept of job security aren’t necessarily congruent; however, a new breed of temp positions offer unprecedented job security. Formerly the domain of the unemployed and job searchers passing the time until a permanent job can be found, temp jobs are now a valuable tool for companies looking to keep pace with the latest trends and technologies in a dynamic market - and for employees looking to capitalize on new demand. Based on research from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statis tics, Forbes rounded up the list of 2015’s fastest growing temp jobs. Let’s take a look at four of the top picks.1. Home Health Care AideIn addition to helping seniors in need of assistance, home health care aides also help people with disabilities, chronic illnesses, and cognitive impairment. With millions of Baby Boomers hitting retirement every day and most suffering from multiple chronic conditions, it’s no surprise that there is a growing demand for healthcare professionals.Although they work in a variety of settings, ranging from private homes to large-scale communities, home health care aides are typically employed by certified home health and hospice agencies - both of which will be looking for qualified labor to fill vacancies. Between 2014 and 2019, the number of home health care aide temp jobs is predicted to rise by 15 percent.  2. Childcare WorkerAs the bulk of the Millennial generation - the first generation in American history to top the Boome rs in sheer numbers - enters its childbearing years, their offspring will need care. And while many have delayed having kids because of the challenging conditions under which they came of age (resulting in an oft-publicized â€Å"baby bust†), the time is drawing nigh when the delayers will take the leap. It’s no surprise, then, that temp positions for childcare workers are expected to jump by 14 percent over the next five years.3. Registered NurseThe buzz surrounding the imminent nursing shortage is well-founded: with up to three million Baby Boomers entering Medicare each year and the Affordable Care Act having already added eight million to the growing list of the insured, the demands on the healthcare industry will be significant, with registered nurses topping the list.Nurse staffing agencies will race to fill the void through a variety of temp nursing opportunities, including contract, travel and per diem positions. All in all, an average increase of 6,200 jobs - or 14 percent growth - is predicted over the next five years alone.Meanwhile, an alternate healthcare profession expects to experience almost equally meteoric growth: Pharmacy technicians.4. Computer Systems AnalystAs companies struggle to keep up with changing technologies while balancing their business initiatives, computer systems analysts are expected to play a vital role. These hybrid professionals offer a unique blend of information technology knowledge and business acumen, qualifying them not just to offer computer expertise, but to apply it within the context of a company’s overall objectives in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness.In addition to being in demand with a whopping 19 percent increase in anticipated jobs by 2019, computer system analysts are also well-compensated, thanks to a median salary of more than $81,000 in 2013. Temp workers with skills and experience in this field are well-positioned for ongoing success.Software developers and computer user support specialists are also expected to see growth in tech temp jobs over the next half-decade.

ARE THERE ENOUGH RESSOURCES FOR YOUNG MUMS AFTER PREGNANCY Dissertation

ARE THERE ENOUGH RESSOURCES FOR YOUNG MUMS AFTER PREGNANCY - Dissertation Example Conversely, collecting primary data is often prohibitively expensive. (Brown & Semradek, 1992). Primary data can take years to compile; secondary data, a matter of months. (Hopperth, 2005). Also, there is the issue of sample size – secondary research is often compiled by a government agency, with well-documented collection procedures and well-maintained data files. The information that is compiled is often comprehensive – everything from information on births, deaths, employment, income, etc. to specialized information, such as information about participant's attitudes, beliefs, and related family issues. (Hopperth, 2005). That said, there are issues with using secondary research. One of the issues is that of validity and reliability. Validity is if the study measures what it purports to measure, while reliability refers to the ability to give the same result consistently, even with different researchers, instruments and events. (Harris, 2001). Reliability can be reprod ucible, which means that different researchers will get the same result; stable, which means that the results do not change over time; and accurate, which means that process conforms to a known standard and yields what it is supposed to. (Harris, 2001). In order for the study to be valid, the outcome data needs to be complete. This is especially crucial when looking at statistical evidence over a period of time between different populations. (Sorensen et al., p. 436). Validity, as well as reliability and accuracy are all sensitive issues when dealing with secondary data, because of the problems with conceptualizing of the data, as well as dealing with errors that can occur when selecting, collecting, recording, filing, analyzing and publicizing the data. (Brown & Semradek, 1992). Therefore, the information that is compiled in desk based research, or secondary research, is often found on the Internet by using cites that cater to the topic at hand. Since the topic at hand is not one t hat is overly reliant upon statistics and other types of information that is kept by such organisations as the World Health Organisation, the information may be obtained through other means. One of these means is the database JStor, which provides a wide range of academic articles, as well as Google Scholar. SSRN is another database that has a wide range of articles. These sites were chosen because they provide a comprehensive database of academic articles that are written for topics such as this and other topics. These articles are often studies which are noted by the researchers who wrote the individual article, which provides valuable insight into the topic. The topic may be researched by inputting certain key words, such as lone parent, young mother, and services, and then the topics can be expanded from there. For instance, in this topic, there are a wide range of issues that need to be addressed. Social exclusion is one issue, and the way that this is researched is by inputtin g the key words of social exclusion and getting articles about this topic. Another topic is that of housing, and the same procedure can be used for this topic. In other words, there are issues that young mothers face that are not exclusive to young mothers – these issues are more universal. However, since desk based research is meant to be comprehensive, these secondary topics are included. Another way of approaching the desk based resea

Choose a topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Choose a topic - Research Paper Example l conditions, certain pests, chemicals, or even spoilage as an example of characteristic traits that technology in genetic engineering aims to introduce in a plant. Hillstrom (2012) explains that GM crops are always generated in a laboratory, and this is through an alteration of the genetic makeup of the crops. To achieve this objective, Hillstrom (2012) explains that scientists will add one, or more genes to the genome of the plant, by using techniques of genetic engineering. Arvanitoyannis (2005) manages to explain that majority of genetically modified crops are produced through the biolistic method, or through the mediated transformation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Arvanitoyannis (2005) further denotes that crops that are modified and developed by the use of the GM technology do not have any changes that was not intended by the scientists, while producing the crop under consideration. The tobacco crop plant is the most genetically modified crop. This is because tobacco is easy t o propagate, and there is an extensive study of its genomes. On this basis, Arvanitoyannis (2005) explains that the tobacco crop plant serves as a model for other species of plants. In using the biolistic method to create a genetically modified plant, Healey (2010) explains that the DNA material is bound to a tiny particle of tungsten or gold, which are then shot to the single plant cell or plant tissue under high pressure. After this occurs, the accelerated particles are able to penetrate the membrane and cell wall of the plant. The DNA thereafter separates from the metallic substances and is then integrated into the genome of the plant, within its nucleus. This method is widely used in the genetic production of cultivated monocots, such as maize and wheat. Arvanitoyannis (2005) denotes that genetically transforming these substances by the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has not always achieved success. However, one of the major disadvantages of using this technique is that it can

Shard Tower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Shard Tower - Essay Example Designing of the Shard tower was done in 2000 by Renzo Piano and in 2007 construction begun. In July 2012, the project was completed and opened by Prime Minister of Qatar, Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani. The opening ceremony was also attended by Prince Andrew, Duke of York (Mace Group 2010). The tower is serviced and maintained by central London’s amenities, facilities and transport infrastructure. The tower is located next to London bridge station thus making it easier for people to connect from the station to work place (Sellar Group 2011). This paper will focus on the Shard tower project and the project management. The core objectives of the Shard project was to; make positive changes, improving one’s life chances, ensure development in growth areas and deliver quality and standard public service This paper aims to look at project management in the construction industry and the relationship between the levels of risk management and the different stages of a cons truction project. The conventional techniques of project management will be mentioned as well as the current innovations in the field. Moreover, the paper will discuss the benefits and costs, barriers, of the trends and finally discuss relevant recommendations. Projects within Shard programme 1. Southwark tower demolition Stephen Furnell assisted by Len Abbott in the year 1969 to 1970 designed the Southwark tower. The tower was the head quarter of price waterhouse. The tower had 25-storey office (The Rubble Club 2009). The building was demolished to allow construction of Shard tower. It was the tallest building to be demolished in the United Kingdom. They demolition was done behind acoustic screen so that they could reduce noise pollution levels. 2. Fixing glass The Shard tower is also known as the shard of glass. The reason behind the name it is because the tower is covered in glass, which makes it crystal. The developers designed a glass roofed, which was done by Renzo Piano build ing. The design included both the ceiling and floor, which brought light to the offices during dimmest days. 3. Sensors The sensors activate grey blinds on each glass panels. In 2009, Claxton gave advice operational and budget for developing blind control system. The blind system control was to take and avail readings from sensors. The sensors would communicate to shreds to either lower or raise heat entering the tower. The solar track servers were installed in the basement while photometer and radiometer sensors we installed on the roof. The sensors positioned at the roof are called level 96. Claxton were able to successfully install solarTrac system, which is a product of Mechoshade. 4. Kone jump lifts The first Kone jump lift was installed in Shard Tower in August 2010. The jump lift is a self-climbing system developed by Kone. The lift uses the building shafts during construction. The lift can accommodate 21 people and 1600kg. Its main use was to carry Shard site workers up and down the construction site. Mace, the Shard principal contractor, collaborated with Kone to ensure the jump lift meets the standards and quality of the delivery program. Tony Palgrave, the Mace construction director, suggested that the jump lift was a solution to transporting materials and people effectively and quickly. It has been the safest way to move up and down the building. Michael Williams, KONE U.K. managing director, said feel privileged working together with Mace in the Shard tower project. They ensure that the lifts were well installed to unsure they ran smoothly (Chatham 2010). Project management Robert Deatker was the project director at the London Bridge quarter and Shard Tower. Robert says the work of the project management is to knot thing

The Prevention Of The Stock Market Crash Economics Essay

The Prevention Of The Stock Market Crash Economics Essay The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression the world had ever seen. What happened and how did the stock market crash occur? Could it have been avoided? Simply put, yes! There were numerous issues and oversights that were made during that time by all Americans. Obviously, it did not occur overnight. Where had the consumers, government, and/or businesses gone wrong? There is no doubt that we, as Americans, have become smarter in terms of our economic knowledge, but are we doomed to go through another Great Depression in the future? What have we done, or what can we do to avoid this from happening again? To understand the Great Depression we first must look back at the economy prior to that time. For most Americans the stock market crash of 1929 has become the symbol marking the beginning of the Great Depression. The economic boom of the 1920s was reflected in a stock market which rose from 60 in 1920 to its peak of 381 on September 3, 1929 (Tothero Crowley, 2008). After World War I, the soldiers returned home. They had money in their pockets and many new products to spend their money on. Prior to the war, many products on the market were considered a luxury, but with the onset of mass production, many of those items that were considered a luxury were now common. With the soldiers returning from the war, everyone having money in their pockets, and having products and services readily available, this put the world in a euphoric state, with the idea that everything was ideal. The Roaring Twenties, as they were referred to, was a time of great economic prosperity. This was mostly due t o the wide array of consumer goods that were available. New technologies, soaring business profits, and higher wages allowed more and more Americans to purchase a wide range of consumer goods. Prosperity also provided Americans with more leisure time (The Great Depression (1920-1940), 2009). Americans were purchasing more consumer products on credit such as automobiles. As the economy blossomed, suburbs were created, U.S. cities had drastically changed, radios began broadcasting news and music, and the aviation and motion picture industry had grown, as well. Times were good for the American people during the Roaring Twenties. The decade saw North America becoming the richest region on the earth, with industry aligned to mass production, and a society with a culture of consumerism (Roaring Twenties Economy of the 1920s, 2005). With so much growth in the economy at that time, the government did not feel that they were in jeopardy of a crash so they did not intervene. Since the war was over and all the men were home, there were goods and services being pumped into the economy and everyone had money to spend. People were borrowing and spending money without a care, and thought nothing could go wrong. By the time the government figured out there was a problem with the economy, it was already too late. Prior to the Great Depression, governments traditionally took little or no action in time of business downturn, relying instead on impersonal market forces to achieve the necessary economic correction. From one extreme to the other boom to bust. The magical prosperity vanished almost overnight as people lost confidence following the stock market crash (Nelson, ed., 2000). This could have possibly avoided the crash had the government had the foresight to be more strict with the financial institutions and their lending habits. Individuals should have been wiser with their spending. They should have saved money rather than buying things they did not nece ssarily need. During the early 1920s, federal spending grew three times larger than tax collections and when the government cut back spending to balance the budget, a severe recession was the result of those actions. The value of farmland fell 30-40 percent, and the middle class comprised about 15 to 20 percent of all Americans, while the richest one person owned 40 percent of the nations wealth. Between 1920 and 1929, individual worker productivity rose 43 percent and the number of people reporting half-million dollar incomes grew from 156 to 1,489 between this time period; a phenomenal rise compared to other decades, but still less than the one percent of all income-earners. In the early 1930s, more than half of all Americans were living below the minimum subsistence level and the annual per-capita income was $750; and $273 for farm people. Construction was down by $2 billion and then a recession began, approximately two months before the stock market crash. During this timeframe, production dec lined 20 percent, wholesale prices were at 7.5 percent and personal income was at 5 percent. Then, on October 24, the stock market crashed. Investors called October 29th Black Tuesday for the loss of $16 billion, which was a lot of money in those days. Also during this time, the gross domestic product (GDP) fell 9.4 percent from the year before and the unemployment rate rose from 3.2 to 8.7 percent. During this time there was absolute panic, no major legislations were passed addressing the depression, a second banking scare occurred in the spring, the GDP fell another 8.5 percent, and unemployment rose to 15.9 percent. The decline in the GDP, while dramatic, was not as spectacular as the explosion in the unemployment rate. Mainly because the unemployment rate represents what was not produced that could have been produced. Consumer purchasing somewhat fell, government purchases did not fall at all compared to 1929, but there was a dramatic collapse of investment purchases. Why did investment purchases collapse so dramatically? Because interest rates affect investments. The problem in the early 1930s was that the rate of inflation was negative, meaning there was deflation instead of inflation. This meant that borrowers were not paying back as much money as they borrowed. The table below shows the nominal interest rate was declining during this period, but because the rate of inflation was negative, the real interest rate was much higher than the nominal interest rate. YEAR PRICE INDEX RATE OF INFLATION % NOMINAL INTEREST RATE % REAL INTEREST RATE % 1929 13.12 5.85 1930 12.60 -3.96 3.59 7.87 1931 11.34 -10.00 2.64 14.04 1932 10.05 -11.38 2.73 15.92 1933 9.78 -2.96 1.73 4.54 In the years leading up to the stock market crash, the stock market had gained much popularity as a way of making money. Because stock prices had been on the rise, they gained the reputation of being a safe way to invest. Beginning in 1926 and ending with the crash in 1929, the market moved up nearly 400%. Many investors believed stocks were their ticket to riches (Valentine, 2009). Investors were talking up the idea of how much money could be made by investing in stock. With all the talk of the get rich quick scheme and the relaxed credit terms from banks, the buying frenzy began. Simply put, people were naive, greedy, and wanted a way to get rich quickly. American businesses and the people placed too much faith on what they did not fully understand, and they did not think of the long-term repercussions that could occur in the event of an economic crisis, such as a recession, or in this case, with the Great Depression. Problem one: People were too loose with their money. Rather than to save for their families, they placed their money in the stock market in hopes of receiving a nice return. People were purchasing stock on margin. What does this mean? They were only required to pay 10% down and borrow the other 90%. For example, if $10 worth of stock was purchased, the investor put in $1, while the mortgage broker put in the other $9. It was a good deal as long as stocks were gaining value. However, if the stock lost value, the stockbroker would issue a margin call requiring the investor to pay back the loan. In the example above, not only did the investor lose the $1 he invested, he also had to pay back the $9 hed borrowed (Valentine, 2009). As you can see from the example, stocks could go awry at any given time injuring the broker, but more specifically injuring the investor. People were disillusioned that stocks would always rise and never fall. Today, not all stocks and investors are eligible for a margin account. This is a great benefit in determining what stocks investors are safer using, such as a margin account, and may not be so prone to losing the funds that are invested. Do you recall the definition of a margin call? Money placed for the original purchase of a stock needed to be paid back by someone; the investor. The economy rapidly deteriorated as people sold their stocks to hold on to their hard earned money, and brokers wanted their borrowed money back. Resolution: In general, there is no resolution on how people should spent their money. We cannot tell another individual what they can or cannot buy. Some people save, while others do not. An option that is current in present times, but could have been an acceptable solution prior to the crash, could have been to have financial regulators increase their financial ratio requirements for banks so less money would have been borrowed. Banks would have had less of a money supply by doing as such. Perhaps by increasing the banks financial ratio requirements, Americans generally could have spent less and purchased less in stocks. The stock market crash devastated the American economy because not only had individual investors put their money into stocks, so did businesses. When the stock market crashed, businesses lost their money. Consumers lost their money too, because many banks had invested their money without their permission or knowledge (Valentine, 2009). Problem 2: There were no programs that would protect the consumers from having their money be used, without their permission, by banks to pay back debts for the stocks. As you can imagine, American consumers and businesses were losing money, which caused people to panic and pull their life savings from the banks to hold on to what they had left in order to feed their families. Resolution: Unfortunately, without the regulations in place, there were no regulatory rules on what could or could not be done by the banks. The financial institutions were stealing money from the American people without permission. Until the proper regulations were put into plac e, there was nothing that could have been done at that time. Resolution: Eventually, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was createdto regulate stocks, bonds, and other commissions. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was also created to insure consumers deposits in FDIC-enrolled financial institutions. In addition, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) was created to insure crops planted by farmers (Valentine, 2009). Soon after Herbert Hoover became president, the stock market began to take a turn for the worst. In 1929, some of the larger investors realized the stock prices were artificially high as a result of the mass investments from speculative investors. So, those savvy investors started trading their stocks and consequently, stock prices began to fall. Then, brokers issued margin calls leading to further stock market drops (Valentine, 2009). Problem three: The way the stock market was handling the tracking of the volume of buying and selling of stocks. As stocks were traded and falling in price, investors started selling their shares over the course of several days, being Black Thursday through Black Tuesday, which caused the stock market to crash because millions of shares were being sold too rapidly. The technology then was not what it is today. This should have been taken into consideration when dealing with something of this magnitude. At one point the ticker tapes were nearly 90 minutes behind the market causing the market to drop by 33 points or 9% by the end of the day. Also, by Tuesday, the ticker tapes fell nearly 3 hours behind causing another 12 % drop in the market. Due to the issues with tracking most of the time investors were trading blind (Stock Market Crash of 1929, 2007). Knowing what we know today, regulations should have been put into plac e to help keep things under control. For example, today if the DOW drops by 10% before 2 p.m., trading will be halted for one hour. If the DOW drops by 20% before 2 p.m., trading will be halted for two hours. If the DOW drops 30% before 2 p.m., trading will be halted for one day and if another event such as September 11, 2001 occurs, they will either close early or not open at all to prevent panic (Little, 2009). Besides the issues of tracking, another subject to address is the relaxed credit terms. When stock prices began to drop, the market started changing. In turn, investors were requiring the loans to be paid in full. If the individual had their money in the bank, there was a good chance the bank had invested their money without their permission causing yet another loss of funds on top of the money they had already lost themselves in the stock market. Although President Hoover believed that the government should not intervene with the economy, he said families could turn the economy around if they continued to work hard and rely on themselves (Valentine, 2009). Of course, we all know hindsight is 20/20, but by creating the SEC, FDIC, and FCIC I believe that it helps the economy have a little assurance that the government is trying to help anyway that they can to prevent the stock market from crashing again. In conclusion, it takes more than the government, investments, and American people to change economic activity. It takes everyone in the U.S. to contribute, in one way or another, to the overall health of the economy. In regards to government involvement, money supplies and/or government spending can be increased or decreased, and/or taxes can be lowered or raised in order to assist in the health of an economy. Businesses can invest in new equipment or buildings, and/or construct new homes. We, as consumers, should find a happy medium, if applicable, to our spending habits. For instance, do not borrow more than you can pay back or afford. On the same note, do not spend more of your income on unwanted items and only spend on what is absolutely needed, such as food, clothing, bills, and leisurely activities. Unlike many Americans prior to the stock market crash, do the needed research prior to blindly committing and purchasing any good or service that is not 100% understood. It is best to financially access your individual needs based on your income. Take into consideration the chances of a potential layoff or the future health of a loved when considering a major purchase of something. It is best to plan for the future and to invest in something that is thoroughly researched and understood prior to placing your life, and that of your family, at stake. With all the more economic knowledge we know today, can we avoid another Great Depression? Only time will tell if lessons have been learned, but knowledge is the first step in understanding how to avoid disasters such as those that had occurred 80 years ago.

Essays --

Robert Miyoshi Dr. Conti CPRL 110-04 15 December 2013 The Religious Journey of Malcolm X Malcolm X is widely known as one of the most influential figures in the movement of Civil Rights. Although his views did change over time, he was always very sincere about his beliefs and stood by them one-hundred percent. He was born Malcolm Little, to a Baptist lay speaker and a Grenada-born homemaker, Malcolm’s family had to be relocated several times because of constant death-threats toward his father. At the age of six, Earl, Malcolm’s father was killed in a streetcar accident that the family believed was the work of a white supremacist group called the Black Legion. At thirteen, Malcolm’s mother was institutionalized at a mental hospital, leaving her children to be separated into foster homes. Although an excellent student in junior high school, Malcolm dropped out of school when a white teacher told him that his dream of practicing law was â€Å"no realistic goal for a nigger†. After a youth of petty crime and a young adulthood of larger infractions, Malcolm found himself in jail for larceny and breaking and entering. While serving his eight to ten year sentence at Charlestown State Prison, Malcolm began reading and furthering his education through reading. Also while in prison, Malcolm’s brother, Reginald visited him bearing news of a religion called the â€Å"Nation of Islam†. This belief system fit well with Malcolm’s views of white people: that they are devils and that black men and women are truly the superior race. While still in prison, Malcolm maintained correspondence with Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam. The ‘X’ in Malcolm’s name began appearing in 1950 and replaced his surname â€Å"Little† because, â€Å"[his] ‘X’ replac... ...s as they saw that Nation as only a role-reversal of the white/black conflict in the United States. The Nation of Islam was labeled as hatemongers, black supremacists, racists, violence-seekers, segregationists, and a threat to improved race relations. Malcolm X went even as far as to denounce the civil rights movement and called Martin Luther King Jr. a â€Å"chump† and other civil rights leaders â€Å"stooges† of the white establishment. While in the height of his popularity among the Nation of Islam and as numbers of blacks in the United States joined the Nation, Malcolm had internal conflicts. These were because he had found out that Elijah Muhammad had had extramarital affairs with other members of the Nation of Islam; a huge sin within the religion. Muhammad had had as many as six women that he had slept with and Malcolm X was deeply affected by his leader’s actions.

Tesco’s Success Story

Tesco's success story Some of the key reasons for  Tesco’s  success include: Tesco  has been particularly successful because of its powerful brand. It has a reputation for value, low prices and for being customer focused. Its brand equity and associations have helped the company to expand into new sectors and markets. Tesco  has also been strong in public relations, advertising and building profile in catchment areas on a local level. This local approach to marketing appears to be a key driver for success. Tesco  has a good range of products, including own label products.It seeks to provide excellent customer service, and ensure high levels of customer satisfaction. The own label products have helped strengthen profits for the group, and it broad appeal through good, better, best (finest ranges) caters for the widest consumer audience. Aggressive overseas expansion has helped to keep profits high. The organisation has expanded into Eastern Europe, emerging nations su ch as China and South Korea and even the US, through mid market supermarkets known as, â€Å"fresh and easy†.Its strategy of being close to the customer has been assisted in the UK specifically, when  Tesco  developed different formats for shopping (convenience, metro, express, superstores). It has been the best retailer for format delivery and obtaining some of the best retail positions. It gained a first mover advantage when it launched  Tesco. com, which is one of the biggest and most successful online retailers. This part of the business continues to grow market share and has provided a channel to sell non-food items and other areas of the business including finance.Information technology has revolutionized the retailer, not only in stock-control and distribution worldwide, but also in terms supplier management. It has enabled better I) retailer-manufacturer innovation ii)  shorterning  of decision making and greater knowledge sharing. Tesco  is one of the mos t advanced companies in consumer understanding aided by IT (e. g. Dunhumby  and  Tesco  Clubcard  data). Consumer data has i) shaped product offerings ii) ranges iii) given  Tesco  a better understanding of consumer segments and shopping profiles and iv) helped marketing to build loyalty and develop promotion offerings that suit target groups.This level of sophistication has helpedTesco  to remain leader within the UK market. Suppliers are internationally sourced, and  Tesco  gains scale economies from its large buying volumes. This has enabled the company to keep prices down and supported its low price strategy aimed at the broad consumer market. However, the company has been criticized for its management of suppliers and clashes with the farmers union. There has been growing opposition to the supermarket because of its size, and the government (through the Monopolies and Mergers Commission) has been involved in ensuring competitive markets in the UK.Recent acquis itions such as T;amp;S stores, have led to a high concentration, with only few dominant players within the market. The organisation has a diversified product portfolio, which includes telecommunications, finance, insurance, which provides cross and up sell opportunities to customers. Profits have been invested to support research and development, and its aggressive international expansion plans. Read more:  http://www. businessteacher. org. uk/business-resources/case-study-database/tesco-case-study/#ixzz2B9gukB98

Using the Question Mark

Using the Question Mark Using the Question Mark Using the Question Mark By Guest Author This is a guest post by Steven Pittsley. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. Although often taken for granted, the question mark can be used for more than ending a direct question. Really? Yes. The question mark was first seen in the eighth century when it was called the punctus interrogativus. There are many theories about the origin of the symbol, which has changed several times before settling on its current form in the eighteenth century. For example, the Latin word for question is quaestio, which was abbreviated to ‘Qo’ in the Middle Ages. It’s thought that the modern symbol represents the ‘Q’ placed over the ‘O’. Regardless of its origin, the question mark can be used in a variety of ways. One such use is to end a verb-less sentence. Although verb-less sentences may not be considered proper sentences in some circles, they are used quite frequently. Some examples include: What? When? Where? Really? Ending a tag question is another use for the question mark. A tag question is a statement that is followed by a question, such as: He left early, didn’t he? The recipe calls for one cup sugar, right? In a sentence containing a series of questions, you may include a question mark after each. Be careful with this type of writing. Although the use of a question mark is accepted, readers may find a long string of questions confusing. Who saw the victim last? Her husband? Her son? Her daughter? Which way are we supposed to turn at the corner? Right? Left? Two places where the question mark should not be used are at the end of indirect questions or courteous requests. Although these types of sentences may seem to be questions, they do not require the use of the question mark. I asked my son if there were any messages. Will you please reply as soon as possible. Although the choice to use the question mark us usually a fairly easy decision, some situations like these can make you think twice. You can follow Steven on Twitter @drumming4you. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)How to Style Titles of Print and Online Publications

Eco561 Week 2 Paper Essays

Eco561 Week 2 Paper Essays Eco561 Week 2 Paper Essay Eco561 Week 2 Paper Essay Market Equilibrium Sergio Carranza ECO561 July 19, 2011 Basil Al-Hashimi Market Equilibrium Process To achieve market equilibrium is what we all strive for as business people and as consumers. When the market is at equilibrium, we know that the market is functioning smoothly. However this is not an easy state of the market to achieve. This discussion will include a real world event. The event will be one in which a high school demanded a certain amount of computers to educate its students, and the amount demanded was supplied. With this experience I will be able to explain market equilibrium, the law of demand, the law of supply, and shortage and surplus. The Event My sister in law is a professor at a nearby high school here in the inner city. The school is a new school in south phoenix. The school needed to have a certain amount of computers in order to educate the students that were going to be attending the new school. This school was supplied the amount of computers that were demanded from the board. This example is a small scale example of equilibrium and not at the scale of the world market. However, market equilibrium was achieved. The Law of Demand In short, there is a negative or inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Economists call this inverse relationship the law of demand (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2009). This means that if a price of any product rises then the demand for that product will drop, and if the price drops then the demand will increase. Some of the determinants of demand are factors such as: consumer’s income, consumers taste, the price of the goods, and how many buyers there are. The Law of Supply As price rises, the quantity supplied rises; as price falls, the quantity supplied falls. This relationship is called the law of supply (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2009). So if supply rises then the price will also rise because the bottom line is profit, and a consumer who is demanding it, will pay it. The determinants of supply are factors such as: number of sellers in the market, resource price, prices of other goods, expectations of producers, technology, and taxes. Equilibrium Now that these laws have been explained, we can apply this to the computer scenario provided above. If the quantity demanded by the school is equal to the quantity supplied, then we have equilibrium. The equilibrium occurs where the supply curve intersects with the demand curve, and a visual is provided in the graph below. In addition we can explain what would happen if the curves shifted. For example, if the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded, then we have a surplus. If the quantity supplied is lower than the quantity demanded, then we have a shortage. Market Equilibrium Conclusion On a smaller scale then the economic market, I can take this event and take away from it that we are at equilibrium if, the quantity of computers that are demanded is equal to the number of computers supplied. We have discussed the law of demand, the law of supply, and market equilibrium. Reference McConnell, C. R. , Brue, S. L. , Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economics: Principles, problems, and policies (18th ed. ). New York, : McGraw Hill/Irwin.

Clean up the Resumess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Clean up the Resumess - Essay Example The screening tool has helped the HR department to function effectively. Usually the best candidates are among the first one who are being hired, if the company does not have the capacity to screen resume in a faster and accurate way the company would end up hiring someone who are the least qualified. The significant impact of using the Hire.com screening tool is that you will be able to hire candidates with qualities that you really prefer. Southern has able to increase the number of resume they screened from 40% to 65%. While the Plantronics sometimes screens out resume as many as 95%. In any business the most important component to succeed are their employees. One of the competitive advantages of using online screening tool is that you will be ahead of other companies in hiring best employee. The company will become more competitive since you will be hiring employees which are competent and effective in the position that the company need. Since the resume will be stored in the company's database, hiring again in the future will be easy. All you need to do is to review the database and pick the best for the position. Using the online screening tools the company will be able to access applicants from all locations. Another advantage of the software is the cost. Posting ad in the newspaper or other means of advertisement cost a lot and can reach only limited number of people.

Explain how inbound logistics, conversion operations and outbound Essay

Explain how inbound logistics, conversion operations and outbound logistics converge to provide intergrated logistics - Essay Example rations involves several essential elements of a business such as production management, information flows, transportation of goods, warehousing, inventory control etc. Handling such activities with precision has become inevitable for the companies to gain competitive advantage over their competitors and strengthen its market positioning. It covers several operational aspects of a business, such as order processing, distribution of goods, as well as packaging which are essential for the timely receipt of raw materials as well as delivery of the finished products to the end users. Logistics can be defined as â€Å"The process of planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. This definition includes inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements1.† While the business dictionary defines logistics as â€Å"planning, execution, and control of the procurement, movement, and stationing of personnel, material, and other resources to achieve the objectives of a campaign, plan, project, or strategy. It may also be defined as the management of inventory in motion and at rest.2† Michael Porter’s Value Chain Model3, is an essential tool that helps in analyzing the various activities through which, the firms across the industry, seek to create competitive advantage. This model involves a series of support activities which are shown in the following diagram: The basic idea behind this model is to depict the various activities that create value to the organization which should be far greater than the cost involved in providing the product or service, hence creating a substantial profit margin in the process. These activities are explained through the case study of the â€Å"Bombay Dabbawalas† (Lunch box carriers from a city in India), a six sigma operation, recognized as a

Heat exchanger design project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Heat exchanger design project - Coursework Example The Flowrate of the system is to be designed to be 10,560 kg/hr The design also aims at getting the heat exchanger using hot Ethylene glycol which at the inlet shall be at a temperature of 350 K. At the outlet, the design is to have the hot ethylene at the temperature of 310K. At the same time, the design Pressure at the inlet is to be 2 atm. 2 Background Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers A shell and tube Heat Exchanger works with the principle that a series of parallel tubes run through a shell that is filled with a fluid that takes the heat from the series of parallel tubes. The tubes transfer heat into the fluid primarily through conduction and convection. It is a very effective heat exchange system where the heat is ejected from the pipes with a lot of ease. This mechanism of heat exchange is the most commonly used in industries as opposed to the numerous other mechanisms that are available. The walls of the tubes are key in the transfer of the heat from the parallel tubes to the co olant running in the shell. S & T Heat Exchanger Design Standards The Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger types are typically designed such that they are in such a wide range of shapes and sizes. The sizes usually range from 6 inch all the way to a whopping 40 inch just in their diameter. On the other hand, their usual length normally varies from just a meager 3 feet all the way to a whopping 40 feet over and above the heads of the tube. Also as per the designs of the Heat Exchangers, their usual design pressure which they can accommodate is upto a pressure of 20 Kg for every sq.cm gauge. This is on the tube side walls and shell side walls. The design of the Heat Exchangers follows the fabrication standard of ASME / TEMA unfired vessels pressure codes and ASHRAE requirements standards. The climate of the area under consideration changes seasonally and rivet holes should have a broad tolerance accordance to the four seasons of the world. It has extreme end points whose temperatures go beyond the melting point of water. Under changing environmental temperature conditions, materials tend to expand and contract. In this regard, the heat exchanger system has to be designed in way that considers the expansion and contraction of materials. The system has to be made with more flexible tolerances and fits to allow for the expansion and contraction of the materials (I). The best method for the joining of the parts of the system should be one which allows for the expansion and contraction of materials. In this regard, permanent material joining methods like welding are inappropriate. The use of rivets is recommended. The rivets should be such that they allow the joined materials room to expand and contract relative to one another. To achieve this, the rivets and the rivet holes should be designed with a great tolerance fit. The system should also be designed in a way that permits regular repairs and maintenance. It should not be rigidly enclosed. More or less all systems tend to break down at some point in the course of their work time. This calls for an entry point to check up the internal portions of the system. In this regard, it is in appropriate to design a system which is permanently enclosed within a system. Entry points can be made from several wide ranges of mechanisms. The design incorporates all the conditions at hand so as to have the heat within the system are within the constraints that are bearable for

What Do I Have to Offer This College Family Essay Example for Free

What Do I Have to Offer This College Family Essay Upon choosing this topic I pondered, what next? I sat in front of my PC deliberating what direction I wanted this piece to go in, and what impression I wanted to give my future alma mater’s admissions of myself and then it struck me. The point of this essay is not to paint an illusion of myself to you, but, to show you what I have to offer as a unique individual. Marrianne Williamson in her book, â€Å"Return to Love† and I quote, wrote, â€Å"Our greatest fear is not that we are inadequate, but that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that frightens us. We ask ourselves, who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, handsome, talented and fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? † I first stumbled upon this quote during one of my times of feeling deeply insignificant among my high school population. I decided that constantly feeling as though you are insignificant leads to you becoming insignificant. I am a believer that the mind is a very powerful thing and I plan to use this belief a self confidence to encourage those around me to do nothing but their best because the minute you start believing your worst is your best, it in fact becomes the best you can do. Academically, I am well rounded. I have over the years gained all the necessary basic knowledge to excel in any subject I decide to work at. I study well in groups and have always had a love for tutoring; as such during and after high school I took the responsibility of tutoring my younger sister and her friends at the primary level. Throughout high school I also tutored my friends in order to ensure that leisure time was not affected by poor academics. The passion for helping those in need, has become a part of who I am and I intend to use this to help those around me if I am accepted into the university. I am extremely confident a team player, athletic and energetic young woman and I have dreams of one day helping everyone around me see that they too can be apart of this world holding only a positive outlook for their lives and being calculative about consequences. I am trained as a peer councillor and intend to use my skills for self upliftment as well as the maintaining of the mental well being of those I encounter in my tenure at this prestigious university. It would be unlike me to not mention my rich Jamaican heritage as one of the things I have to offer this university. Cultural diversity is one of the many things that make university life worthwhile and I am no doubt endowed with a mixture of cultures; as the Jamaican culture has evolved to included aspects of cultures of people from all walks of life. I hope I have given you a good enough idea of what I have to offer this institution, but I assure you this is just the tip of the ice berg. I also have no doubt that I will not be a silent student as I intend to be a production member of the university family. As we say in Jamaica â€Å"Wi likkle but wi tallawah†, meaning big things come in small packages.

Second World War Music Propaganda Music Essay

Second World War Music Propaganda Music Essay From Wilhelm Richard Wagner to Irving Berlin, the music of World War II was used on both sides of the conflict to gain support at home and give a feeling of patriotism and boost morale. Interestingly, it was also used as a vehicle to express a vision of government, to attract the enemy troops to propaganda, and encourage the home troops as well. Looking at the music of this time provides insight into the attitudes and cultural tone of the political leaders to all different levels of society Adolf was a fanatical admirer of Wagner since his teens. His passion for Wagner knew no bounds and a performance was almost like a religious experience to the young Adolph. Adolph was carried away by Wagners powerful musical dramas, the evocation of a heroic, sublimely and distant mystical Germanic past. Adolphs first and favorite Wagner opera was Lohengrin, which is the saga of a knight of the grail, the epitome of the Teutonic hero, who was sent from the castle of Monsalvat by his father Parzival to rescue Elsa who had been wrongly condemned, but ended up betraying her. Adolphs philosophy was built upon the works of Wagner which can be seen in his statement These criminals who wanted do away with me have no idea what would happen to the German people, they dont know the plans of our enemies, who want to annihilate Germany so that it never can rise again. If they think that the western powers are strong enough without Germany to hold Bolshevism in check, they are deceiving themselvesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I am the only one who knows the danger, and the only one who can prevent it. The author Ian Kershaw sums up Adolphs statement Such sentiments were redolent, through a distorting mirror, of the Wagnerian redeemer-figure, a hero who alone could save the holders of the Grail, indeed the world itself from disaster a latter-day Parsifal. (Page 851). Adolph thought he could save Germany and the world, but how wrong he was in his thinking that he was an epic hero. As fascinated with Wagner as Adolph was One cannot help but wonder what Richard Wagner would have thought about Adolf Hitler, one of his all-time biggest fans! (Ferguson). Would Wagner consider Adolph and epic hero? One has to think not, but one could be wrong. German Songs Due to Hitlers fascinating with Wagner and especially the Germanic culture that Wagner promoted, the Nazis took a strong interest in promoting the music and culture of their remote ancestors through the use of radio and at the same time promote their propaganda. As with most dictatorial governments the Nazis had an obsession with controlling and promoting the culture of the people and as a result the common peoples taste in music was kept secret, but many Germans were able to use their radios to listen to Jazz which was hated by Hitler but loved by the world. Soldiers in the German army were expected to learn a repertoire of marching songs and traditional songs that they could perform on demand. (Les Cleveland page 8). Which is a type of propaganda. One of the most popular songs of World War Two was Lili Marlene which was popular with both the German and British forces. Based on the German poem Das Mà ¤dchen unter der Laterne which was set to music in 1938. The song was recorded in both German and English versions. German English Vor der Kaserme vor dem großen Tor stand eine Lanterne und steht sie nach davor so wollen wir da uns wieder sehen bei der Lanterne wollen wir stehen wie einst Lili Marlen Unsere beide Schatten sahen wir einer aus daß wir so lieb uns hatten daß gleich man daraus und alle Leute sollen es sehen wie einst Lili Marlen Schon rief der Posten, sie blasen zapfenstreich es kann drei Tage kosten Kamrad, ich komm so gleich da sagten wir auf wiedersehen wie gerne wollt ich mit dir gehen mit dir Lili Marlen Deine Schritte kennt sie, deine Zierengang alle abend brennt sie, doch mich vergaß sie lang und sollten mir ein leids geschehen wer wird bei der Lanterne stehen mit dir Lili Marlen? Aus dem Stillen raume, aus der erder Grund heßt mich wie un Traà ¼me dein verliebster Mund wenn sich die Spaten nebel drehn werdich bei der Lanterne stehen wie einst Lili Marlen Underneath the lantern by the barrack gate, Darling I remember the way you used to wait, Twas there that you whispered tenderly, That you loved me, Youd always be, My Lili of the lamplight, My own Lili Marlene. Time would come for roll call, Time for us to part, Darling Id caress you and press you to my heart, And there neath that far off lantern light, Id hold you tight, Wed kiss good-night, My Lili of the lamplight, My own Lili Marlene. Orders came for sailing somewhere over there, All confined to barracks was more than I could bear; I knew you were waiting in the street, I heard your feet, But could not meet, My Lili of the lamplight, My own Lili Marlene. Resting in a billet just behind the line, Even thowere parted your lips are close to mine; You wait where that lantern softly gleams, Your sweet face seems to haunt my dreams, My Lili of the lamplight, My own Lili Marlene. Due to the popularity of the song it was used throughout the war not only as a popular song, but a propaganda tool. The best understanding of German Music from World War Two has to come from official Nazi government policy. Regrettably as the losers in the war, Nazi songs and German music from this time period has not been assigned the high heroic status as have British and American popular music of this time period. British Songs Although First World War poets [Rupert Brooke, Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon] are often presented as the literature of wartime, popular songs were important in keeping up morale.   Those from World War II have become especially well known. Some songs were overtly nationalistic, such as ThereHYPERLINK #There%27ll%20Always%20Be%20An%20EnglandHYPERLINK #There%27ll%20Always%20Be%20An%20Englandll Always Be An England. Other music was popular because it evoked emotional states common in wartime, for instance a sense of nostalgic sadness and loss. ( Modern History Sourcebook: Therell Always Be An England and other War Music.) Without question the most popular vocalist of World War Two would be Vera Lynn who sang almost ever well known war time tune in her concerts including Lili Marlene and Therell always be an England but her best know songs were Well meet again and White cliffs of Dover. These songs just give a hint of the differing varieties of wartime songs, other popular music genres included music with lush instrumental compositions as well as just silly songs. American Songs During the war, many people in the US and Great Britain found an escape by listening to the radio. Hit songs were a nice form of catharsis for the public; the lyrics were often about situations the average person could relate to, and it helped the listeners to feel that they were not alone. So, naturally, songwriters wanted to provide music that would be uplifting, encouraging, and of course, patriotic American Songs. A list notable songs of World War Two from America would have to include hits such as Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy which was composed by Don Raye and Hughie Prince and was recorded on January 2, 1941, nearly a year before the United States entered the war The storyline of the song told about, a renowned Illinois street musician is drafted into the United States Army during the draft. In addition to being famous, the bugler was the top man at his craft, but the Army had little use for his talents and he was reduced to blowing Reveille in the morning, which caused the musician to become dejected. Other hits were: Dont Sit Under The Apple Tree (With Anyone Else But Me), Ill Be Home For Christmas, Juke Box Saturday Night, Kiss The Boys Goodbye , Praise The Lord And Pass The Ammunition, and God Bless America which was written by Irving Berlin in 1918 but made famous by Kate Smith in an Armistice Day radio broadcast in 1938. This list could go on with all the notable songs from this time period but space and time will not permit. Conclusion Music goes much deeper, and reaches into our psyches for reasons other than its initial sound. Music evokes emotions of patriotism, fear, jubilation, sadness and many more emotions. As well as invoking emotional responses, music is used as a propaganda tool to get people fired up for a certain cause whether in war or even politics. Was the music of World War Two patriotic or was it propaganda, or was it both? It all depends from which side you view the question. Usually the winning sides music was patriotic and the losers propaganda In closing Susan Burns states from the article War, music, and evolution. No doubt, its dismaying to realize that warfare is so deeply a part of our makeup that well never have the war to end all wars. Those war songs touch a deep, dark chord. Yet, I consider myself better off for having this perspective on warfare.(Burns 2003). What kind of music will be used as patriotic music in the next major war? What music will be used as a propaganda tool? We may have to wait for the answers to these questions, but one thing is certain, as with all past wars, music will have an influence.